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Tuesday, August 30, 2016

What are the best Website offpage techniques for SEO ?


Off-page SEO refers to activities outside the boundaries of the webpage or website. Off page SEO reders to techniques that can be used to improve the position of a website in the search engine results page (SERPs) but depending on another web page or website or blog.

Techniques for SEO :

Social Media Engagement
A major Off-page SEO technique is social media engagement. If you want to make your business, website or blog popular, engage with people on multiple social media platforms. Social media presence will help grow your business and also help you get more back links.

Social Bookmarking Sites
Social bookmarking sites are one of the best platforms to promote your website. When you bookmark your webpage or blog post on popular social bookmarking websites, you gain high traffic to your webpage or blog.

Forum Submission
Participate in search forums which are related to your website and business and make a connection with that community. Reply to threads, answer people’s questions and give your suggestions and advice. Make use of “Do-Follow” forums.

Blog Directory Submission
Directory Submission is constantly working to build quality back links. Choose an effective directory and select a proper category. It takes quite some time to deliver good results, but these results stand out over a longer time period.

Article Submission
Submit your articles in a high PR article submission directory. You can also give links to your website. Make sure your content is unique and of high quality. Low quality content and content that has more keyword stuffing might get rejected. Choose the correct category and give a good title to your content.

Question and Answer
One of the best ways you can get high traffic is from question and answer websites. Join high PR question and answer sites and search for questions related to your business, blog or website and give clear answers to these questions. Give a link to your website which will help in bringing you more visibility.

Video Submission
If you want to make your videos popular, head to popular video submission sites. Give a proper title, description, tags and reference links. It is one of the more popular ways to get quality back links because all video submission websites have high PR.

Image Submission
Share your photos on popular image submission websites. Before submitting your images please optimize them with the correct URL and title tag. Before submitting your images, check if they have a proper title, description and tags.

Infographics Submission
Make creative infographics. These days, infographics are getting popular on the internet. Submit your infographics on infographics submission websites and give reference links to your webpage or blog. The image sizes differ with different websites.

Document Sharing
Create attractive documents relating to your business or blog. The documents should have unique content and should be in either pdf or ppt formats. Submit these documents in the document sharing websites.


Search Engine Submission
Search engines will eventually find your site online, but that can take a while. To speed everything up, you should submit your website to the most popular search engines like Google,Yahoo, Bing, etc.

Website Directory Submission
Many people may say that directory submission is dead! we believe that it isn’t as you are increasing the likelyhood of people seeing your website. It is purely based on how effectively we are selecting those directories and how efficiently we are choosing the category for submission.

Social Networking Sites
Social Networking is bigger than ever these days! Sometimes
known as “Online Reputation Management”, getting involved with social
media sites is the fundamental step with which you begin to advertise, market
and build your online reputation within your niche.

Blogging
Blogging is one of the best ways to promote your website online! By writing a blog for yourwebsite, you give a reason for visitors to keep returning to your site and keep
up to date with your latest posts. It also helps search engines to crawl your site more frequently, as theyhave to update your latest blog post entries, which ultimately helps you rank higher in search engine results pages (SERPs).

Blog Marketing
Post comments on other blogs within the same niche as yours, which allow you to add a link in the comments section. These links can then be crawled by search engines, helping to point them towards your site.

Social Bookmarking
Social Bookmarking is another great way of promoting your website. Submit your latest blog posts and pages to the most popular bookmarking sites, like StumbleUpon, Digg, Delicious, Reddit,etc. Search engines really like these types of sites because the content on these sites is updated very frequently.

Link Baiting
Link baiting is another popular way of promoting your site. If you produce a really popular unique post for your site, then other people may want to link to it. Perhaps you have copied/published another website’s content on your site, don’t forget to place their website link as a reference.

Photo Sharing
If you have used any of your own photos or images on your site, then you can share then on many of the major photo sharing websites like Flickr, Picasa, Photo Bucket, etc.

Video Marketing


Just like photo sharing, if you have any videos that you have used on your site, then you can submit them to sites like; YouTube, Vimeo, etc. allowing people to find your content in other ways.
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Best Free Blogging Sites & Platforms



Blogging is one of the most effective ways for large and small businesses to generate new leads that convert into sales and revenue. There are countless success stories of entrepreneurs and businesses turning their ideas into multimillion dollar enterprises via blogging, although there are other reasons for starting a blog.

Online blogging and digital marketing has become exponentially more important in an era of social media and networking. The online explosion has generated over 200 million blogs worldwide. The best blogging platforms – WordPress, Blogger, and Tumblr and other – each rank in the top 50 most visited websites.

The best part is that anyone can start a blog for free. There are dozens of free blogging sites, but not all platforms are created equal and some offer better opportunities for growth, exposure, and monetization. While self-hosted blogs require a unique domain and hosting company, they do offer huge advantages over even the best free blog sites.

Blogger and WordPress are the most used blogging platforms on the web. But do you know that there are tons of free blog hosting websites providing free weblog hosting? With these blog hosts, you can easily express your voice and opinion online from politics to what are the popular games out there today. However, some of you might have difficulties in choosing a suitable blog hosting site, especially if you are first time blogger. That’s why we have taken time to research and compile a list of top free blog hosting websites. Hopefully you can find it useful. 

Blogger
Free weblog publishing tool from Google, for sharing text, photos and video.

WordPress.com
Free blogs managed by the developers of the WordPress software. Includes custom design templates, integrated statistics, automatic spam protection and more.

Weebly
Weebly bills itself more as a website-creation system than something for solely creating a blog. It's based around drag-and-drop components, which enable you to quickly create new pages.

However, blogging is also part of the system, and you get access to customisable layouts, a bunch of free themes, and the usual sharing features you'd expect, to spread your words far and wide.

Postach.io
Postach.io claims it's the "easiest way to blog". It's from the people behind Evernote, and, naturally, is deeply integrated into their system.

Essentially, you just connect a notebook to Postach.io and then tag notes as 'published' to make them public.
However, you get some customisation, too, including a bunch of themes, the means to embed content from other sites, Disqus commenting, and the option to instead use Dropbox for storing content.

Tumblr
A feature rich and free blog hosting platform offering professional and fully customizable templates, bookmarklets, photos, mobile apps, and social network.
tumblr

LiveJournal
LiveJournal is a vibrant global social media platform where users share common passions and interests. With hundreds of communities built around popular interests, like entertainment, celebrity gossip, music, food, travel, fashion, parenting, pets, and more, LiveJournal users express themselves through creative journaling and lively commentary.

Squidoo
Squidoo is a popular site for creating single webpages on your interests and recommendations. Even earn money for charity or yourself.

HubPages
HubPages is an online space to share your advice, reviews, useful tips, opinions and insights with hundreds of other authors. HubPages is completely free, and you can even earn online ad revenue!

Webs
Webs helps you make your own free website. Personal, group, and small business websites complete with photos, videos, and ecommerce.


Multiply
Users can create, share and discuss blogs, photos, videos and music with others as well as post reviews of movies and books, or share a calendar of events.

Weebly
Named one of TIME’s 50 Best Websites, Weebly has an easy, drag & drop interface to create your own website. It’s free, powerful, and professional.

Blog.com
Blog host service with free and paid plans available. Features include one-click publishing and photo albums.

Squarespace
Build a website. Start a blog. Squarespace is one of the most stylish ways to put your content on the web.

Tripod
Easy to use website building tool for your professional or personal website and blog, web hosting, domain registration, email and more at Tripod.com!

Gather
Gather is the place where millions of people come for fresh perspective on what’s happening now. Gather Members can join in the conversation.

Xanga
Xanga is a community where you can start your own free weblog, share photos and videos, and meet new friends too!

LiveJournal
LiveJournal is a vibrant global social media platform where users share common passions and interests. With hundreds of communities built around popular interests, like entertainment, celebrity gossip, music, food, travel, fashion, parenting, pets, and more, LiveJournal users express themselves through creative journaling and lively commentary.

Squidoo
Squidoo is a popular site for creating single webpages on your interests and recommendations. Even earn money for charity or yourself.

HubPages
HubPages is an online space to share your advice, reviews, useful tips, opinions and insights with hundreds of other authors. HubPages is completely free, and you can even earn online ad revenue!

Webs
Webs helps you make your own free website. Personal, group, and small business websites complete with photos, videos, and ecommerce.

Thoughts
A free blog community that allows people to upload photos, videos, podcasts and chat with friends and family.

Blogsome
Host offering blogs based on the WordPress multi-user edition. Many design templates available.

InsaneJournal
InsaneJournal is a simple yet very customizable online diary. It is built on open source software from Danga Interactive.

Edublogs
Edublogs lets you easily create and manage student & teacher blogs, quickly customize designs and include videos, photos and podcasts.

Blurty
A community site designed for adults, based on livejournal source code. Future plans are to add paid accounts with additional features.


Jigsy
Jigsy is another easy website builder which allows you to create a website in just minutes.

Terapad
Terapad is a complete website builder for personal, group and small business web sites with hosting.

Blogdrive
A weblog publishing service that is easy enough for a beginner and advanced enough for an expert.

Blogtext.org
Free service allows users to search other blogs, upload images, and create syndicated XML feeds.

Blogster
Blogster is a vibrant virtual community built and inhabited by people who love to blog.

Zoomshare
Zoomshare lets you build a free website, photo album, blog, email, chat, share and much more.

SoulCast
SoulCast allows you get to blog anonymously, uncensored and without constraints.

Blogigo
Blogigo lets you get your weblog in minutes. Its features include future dating for posts, an image gallery, syndication, and visitor statistics.

BlogHi!
Create your own free Blog with blogHi! You just need an e-mail address, and to follow the simple two steps sign-up process.

Kvepp.com
At Kvepp.com you can set up your own subdomain blog with just a few clicks, fast, easy and free.

BusyThumbs.com
BusyThumbs.com is UK-based free hosting service for moblogs. You can create your own photo diary and upload photos via MMS or online from a computer.

FreeBlogIt


FreeBlogIt offers free and paid service multi-user WordPress blogs. Design templates and support forums available.
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Blogging Communities to get Traffic for your website


Blogging Communities plays an important role to promote your blog posts & getting more and more views on it. It is one of the powerful place to promote your blog posts. Blogging communities can help to drive massive traffic to your blog without any more effort.

#ff6600

What is Blogging Community ?Blog community is a place where you can build relationship with other fellow bloggers, share your views with other bloggers and also you can get quality traffics from it. In short it is a social media for bloggers to interact with other bloggers and to drive more traffics to your blog.

Benefits of joining Blogging Community ?

  • Drive quality traffic to your blog.
  • Build relationship with other bloggers.
  • Share your views to other bloggers.
  • Get higher rankings on search engines.
  • Can learn many things from other bloggers.
  • Get High Quality backlinks.
  • Improve your alexa rank.

1. http://www.blogengage.com/

2. http://www.bizsugar.com/

3. http://dosplash.com/

4. http://www.kingged.com/

5. https://www.indiblogger.in/

6. https://inbound.org/

7. http://www.klinkk.com/

8. https://managewp.org/

9. http://www.inbound.org/

10. http://www.blokube.com/

11. http://www.blogadda.com/

12. http://triberr.com/

13. www.blogcatalog.com

14. http://www.blogher.com/

15. http://fuelmyblog.com/

16. http://www.socialbuzzclub.com/

17. http://www.thewriterssocial.com/

18. http://triberr.com/

19. http://www.blogadda.com/

20. https://medium.com/

21. https://stackstreet.com/

22. http://list.ly/

23. https://www.myspace.com/

24. http://aha-now.com/

25. http://alltop.com/

26. http://www.getblogtraffic.net/

27. http://www.wikia.com/

28. http://www.gather.com/

29. https://plus.google.com/communities

30. http://www.bloglovin.com/

You must join blogging communities if you want to make your blogging journey more successful. 
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Saturday, August 27, 2016

Best Security Apps to Keep Your iPhone and iPad Secure


Smartphones and tablets are intensely personal gadgets with a lot of important information stored up within them. From photos to contacts and email to card details, people store up a lot of personal, sensitive information on their smartphones.That’s why the market overflows with tons of security apps built specifically for the iPhone and the iPad

The security apps for iDevices are varied in nature; some of these help you store passwords securely, while some of them help you track a lost iDevice and a few others help you keep your files and media secure.

"Password Management"
mSecure
When it comes to secure password management with feature like auto-fill, groups, sync etc., there are two bigwigs: 1PasswordLock and mSecure. Personally, mSecure is as good as 1PasswordLock which is more popular. mSecure brings a fantastic level of security to protect and manage your various passwords. Options are simplified but quite sufficient; you can ask the app to generate highly secure passwords, you can segregate your accounts based on the type and management is pretty easy.
Price: $9.99
Download mSecure

"Device Tracking"
Lookout
Lookout works almost the same way as Apple’s very own Find My iPhone. It tracks your device over GPS, lets you locate a lost iPhone via the web using the Lookout.com account, and it can also ring your iPhone remotely via any web browser or send a message to the iPhone if it gets lost. There are a few other features that don’t come with Find My iPhone. For instance, Lookout automatically saves the last-known location of your iPhone before it runs out of battery (or is switched off). And the app will also backup your contacts just in case you need them instantly.

"Find My iPhone"
Apple’s stock GPS-tracking app is by far the best tracking and security iPhone/iPad app. It’s one of the coolest additions to the iOS firmware. Once installed on your iPhone, you can track your iPhone’s movements, and even remotely control it. Notable options include the one where you can make your iPhone raise an alarm (so whoever has it is taken by surprise) and erase all data before it gets misused (in a process called Remote Wipe).
When an iPhone is lost, you can track it by logging into your account on iCloud.com.

"File/Content Security"

Best Phone Security Pro
This app will protect your iPhone from unauthorized access: well, it’s basically a passcode lock system just like the stock iOS 7 passcode lock. The difference is that when you’ve got this app running, anyone trying to gain access to your iPhone will be warded off with an alarm sound that you can set. You can actually record a particular alarm sound yourself and use that. But even more interestingly, this app will capture the photo of anyone who enters the wrong passcode in their attempts to get into your iPhone.

"iPhone Used For Surveillance"

Foscam Surveillance Pro
A few cheap IP cameras, this app and you’re the security guy manning the cameras! The app functions as a security surveillance module where you can view the live feed from up to six IP cameras set up in various locations. You can also control the movement if it’s a Foscam IP camera! It’s a cheap and perfect solution for small-office owners.

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Friday, August 26, 2016

Learn about Web Crawlers Search engines and User-Agents

Web Crawlers
Web crawlers, also known as web spiders or internet bots, are programs that browse the web in an automated manner for the purpose of indexing content. Crawlers can look at all sorts of data such as content, links on a page, broken links, sitemaps, and HTML code validation.
  


  
Search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo use crawlers to properly index downloaded pages so that users can find them them faster and more efficiently when they are searching. Without crawlers there would be nothing to tell them that your website has new and fresh content. Sitemaps also can play a part in that process. So web crawlers, for the most part, are a good thing. However there are also issues sometimes when it comes to scheduling and load as a crawler might be constantly polling your site. And this is where a robots.txt file comes into play. This file can help control the crawl traffic and ensure that it doesn’t overwhelm your server.

Web crawlers identify themselves to a web server by using the User-agent field in an HTTP request, and each crawler has their own unique identifier. Most of the time you will need to examine your web server referrer logs to view web crawler traffic.

Robots.txt

By placing a robots.txt file at the root of your web server you can define rules for web crawlers such as allow or disallow that they must follow. You can apply generic rules which apply to all bots or get more granular and specify their specific User-agent string.

Learn more about the Top Search engine Bots
There are hundreds of web crawlers and bots scouring the internet but below is a list of popular web crawlers and bots that we have  been collected based on ones that we see on a regular basis within our web server logs.

Googlebot: Googlebot is Google’s web crawling bot (sometimes also called a “spider”). Googlebot uses an algorithmic process: computer programs determine which sites to crawl, how often, and how many pages to fetch from each site. Googlebot’s crawl process  begins with a list of webpage URLs, generated from previous crawl processes and augmented with Sitemap data provided by webmasters. As Googlebot visits each of these websites it detects links (SRC and HREF) on each page and adds them to its list of pages to crawl. New sites, changes to existing sites, and dead links are noted and used to update the Google index.

"Google+"Another one you might see popup is Google+. When a user shares a URL on Google+ or an app writes an app activity, Google+ attempts to fetch the content and create a snippet to provide a summary of the linked content. This service is different than the Googlebot that crawls and indexes your site. These requests do not honor robots.txt or other crawl mechanisms because this is a user-initiated request.



"Baiduspider " Baiduspider is a robot of Baidu Chinese search engine. Baidu (Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù) is the leading Chinese search engine for websites, audio files, and images.

"MSN Bot/Bingbot" This is a web-crawling robot (type of Internet bot), deployed by Microsoft to supply Bing (search engine). It collects documents from the web to build a searchable index for the Bing (search engine).

"Slurp Bot"Yahoo Search results come from the Yahoo web crawler Slurp and Bing’s web crawler, as a lot of Yahoo is now powered by Bing. Sites should allow Yahoo Slurp access in order to appear in Yahoo Mobile Search results.dditionally, Slurp does the following:

Collects content from partner sites for inclusion within sites like Yahoo News, Yahoo Finance and Yahoo Sports.
Accesses pages from sites across the Web to confirm accuracy and improve Yahoo’s personalized content for our users.

"Yandex Bot" Yandex bot is Yandex’s search engine’s crawler. Yandex is a Russian Internet company which operates the largest search engine in Russia with about 60% market share in that country. Yandex ranked as the fifth largest search engine worldwide with more than 150 million searches per day as of April 2012 and more than 25.5 million visitors.

"Soso Spider " Soso.com is a Chinese search engine owned by Tencent Holdings Limited, which is well known for its other creation QQ. Soso.com is ranked as the 36th most visited website in the world and the 13th most visited website in China, according to Alexa Internet. On an average, Soso.com gets 21,064,490 page views everyday.


"DuckDuckBot"DuckDuckBot is the Web crawler for DuckDuckGo, a search engine that has become quite popular lately as it is known for privacy and not tracking you. It now handles over 12 million queries per day. DuckDuckGo gets its results from over four hundred sources. These include hundreds of vertical sources delivering niche Instant Answers, DuckDuckBot (their crawler) and crowd-sourced sites (Wikipedia). They also have more traditional links in the search results, which they source from Yahoo!, Yandex and Bing.

"Baiduspider"Baiduspider is the official name of the Chinese Baidu search engine’s web crawling spider. It crawls web pages and returns updates to the Baidu index. Baidu is the leading Chinese search engine that takes an 80% share of the overall search engine market of China Mainland.

"Sogou Spider"Sogou Spider is the web crawler for Sogou.com, a leading Chinese search engine that was launched in 2004. it has a rank of 103 in Alexa’s internet rankings. Note: The Sogou web spider does not respect the robots.txt internet standard, and is therefore banned from many web sites because of excessive crawling.

"Exabot"Exabot is a web crawler for Exalead, which is a search engine based out of France. It was founded in 2000 and now has more than 16 billion pages currently indexed.

"Facebook External Hit"Facebook allows its users to send links to interesting web content to other Facebook users. Part of how this works on the Facebook system involves the temporary display of certain images or details related to the web content, such as the title of the webpage or the embed tag of a video.

"Alexa Crawler"Ia_archiver is the web crawler for Amazon’s Alexa internet rankings. As you probably know they collect information to show rankings for both local and international sites.

"Google Feedfetcher" Used by Google to grab RSS or Atom feeds when users choose to add them to their Google homepage or Google Reader. Feedfetcher collects and periodically refreshes these user-initiated feeds, but does not index them in Blog Search or Google’s other search services (feeds appear in the search results only if they’ve been crawled by Googlebot).

 


 
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What is Ransomware and Easy Steps To Keep Your data and System Protected


Ransomware is malware for data kidnapping, an exploit in which the attacker encrypts the victim's data and demands payment for the decryption key. 

Ransomware spreads through e-mail attachments, infected programs and compromised websites. A ransomware malware program may also be called a cryptovirus, cryptotrojan or cryptoworm.Attackers may use one of several different approaches to extort money from their victims:

After a victim discovers he cannot open a file, he receives an email ransom note demanding a relatively small amount of money in exchange for a private key. The attacker warns that if the ransom is not paid by a certain date, the private key will be destroyed and the data will be lost forever.

The victim is duped into believing he is the subject of an police inquiry. After being informed that unlicensed software or illegal web content has been found on his computer, the victim is given instructions for how to pay an electronic fine.



Read about: Bitcoin use in Ransomware

The malware surreptitiously encrypts the victim's data but does nothing else. In this approach, the data kidnapper anticipates that the victim will look on the Internet for how to fix the problem and makes money by selling anti-ransomware software on legitimate websites.To protect against data kidnapping, experts urge that users backup data on a regular basis. If an attack occurs, do not pay a ransom. Instead, wipe the disk drive clean and restore data from the backup.

Ransomware is a sophisticated piece of malware that blocks the victim’s access to his/her files.

"There are two types of ransomware in circulation:"

"Encrypting ransomware:" which incorporates advanced encryption algorithms. It’s designed to block system files and demand payment to provide the victim with the key that can decrypt the blocked content. Examples include CryptoLocker, Locky, CrytpoWall and more.
"Locker ransomware:" which locks the victim out of the operating system, making it impossible to access the desktop and any apps or files. The files are not encrypted in this case, but the attackers still ask for a ransom to unlock the infected computer. Examples include the police-themed ransomware or Winlocker.

"Ransomware has some key characteristics that set it apart from other malware:"

It features unbreakable encryption, which means that you can’t decrypt the files on your own (there are various decryption tools released by cyber security researchers – more on that later);
It has the ability to encrypt all kinds of files, from documents to pictures, videos, audio files and other things you may have on your PC;

It can scramble your file names, so you can’t know which data was affected. This is one of the social engineering tricks used to confuse and coerce victims into paying the ransom;

It will add a different extension to your files, to sometimes signal a specific type of ransomware strain;

It will display an image or a message that lets you know your data has been encrypted and that you have to pay a specific sum of money to get it back;

It requests payment in Bitcoins, because this crypto-currency cannot be tracked by cyber security researchers or law enforcements agencies;

Usually, the ransom payments has a time-limit, to add another level of psychological constraint to this extortion scheme. Going over the deadline typically means that the ransom will increase, but it can also mean that the data will be destroyed and lost forever.

It uses a complex set of evasion techniques to go undetected by traditional antivirus (more on this in the “Why ransomware often goes undetected by antivirus” section);

It often recruits the infected PCs into botnets, so cyber criminals can expand their infrastructure and fuel future attacks;
It can spread to other PCs connected in a local network, creating further damage;

It frequently features data exfiltration capabilities, which means that ransomware can extract data from the affected computer (usernames, passwords, email addresses, etc.) and send it to a server controlled by cyber criminals;

It sometimes includes geographical targeting, meaning the ransom note is translated into the victim’s language, to increase the chances for the ransom to be paid.

"Where does the current wave of ransomware infection come from?"

Even though most companies have extensive security mechanisms in place, such as virus scanners, firewalls, IPS systems, anti-SPAM/anti-virus-email-gateways and web filters, we are currently witnessing large numbers of infections worldwide with ransomware infections, such as Cryptowall, TeslaCrypt and Locky. Files on computers and network drives are encrypted as part of these infections in order to blackmail the users of these computers to pay a sum of money, usually in the region of USD 200-500, for the decryption tool.

"A common infection scenario may look like this:"

A user receives an email that comes from a seemingly plausible sender with an attached document, a parcel service with attached delivery information or anexternal company with an attached invoice.

The email attachment contains an MS Word or Excel document with an embeddedmacro. If the recipient opens the document a macro will attempt to startautomatically, executing the following actions:

It tries to download the actual ransomware payload from a series of webaddresses that only exist momentarily. If a web address cannot be reached, thenext one is accessed until the payload has been downloaded successfully.

"The macro executes the ransomware"
The ransomware contacts the command & control server of the attacker,sends information about the infected computer and downloads an individual public key for this computer.

Files of certain types (Office documents, database files, PDFs, CAD documents,HTML, XML etc.) are then encrypted on the local computer and on all accessible network drives with this public key.

Automatic backups of the Windows operating system (shadow copies) are often deleted to prevent this type of data recovery.

"Best practices to apply immediately"

Backup regularly and keep a recent backup copy off-site. There are dozens of ways other than ransomware that files can suddenly vanish, such as fire, flood, theft, a dropped laptop or even an accidental delete. Encrypt your backup and you won’t have to worry about the backup device falling into the wrong hands.

Don’t enable macros in document attachments received via email. Microsoft deliberately turned off auto-execution of macros by default many years ago as a security measure. A lot of malware infections rely on persuading you to turn macros back on, so don’t do it!

Be cautious about unsolicited attachments. The crooks are relying on the dilemma that you shouldn’t open a document until you are sure it’s one you want, but you can’t tell if it’s one you want until you open it. If in doubt, leave it out.

Don’t give yourself more login power than you need. Most importantly, don’t stay logged in as an administrator any longer than is strictly necessary, and avoid browsing, opening documents or other “regular work” activities while you haveadministrator rights.

Consider installing the Microsoft Office viewers. 
These viewer applications let you see what documents look like without opening them in Word or Excel itself. Inparticular, the viewer software doesn’t support macros at all, so you can’t enablemacros by mistake!

Patch early, patch often. 
Malware that doesn’t come in via document macros often relies on security bugs in popular applications, including Office, your browser, Flash and more. 
The sooner you patch, the fewer open holes remain forthe crooks to exploit. Keep informed about new security features added to your business applications. Forexample, Office 2016 now includes a control called "Block macros from running inOffice files from the internet" which helps protect you from external malicious content without stopping you using macros internally.

Open .JS files with Notepad by default.
This helps protect against JavaScript borne malware by enabling you to identify the file type and spot suspicious files.

Show files with their extensions. 
Malware authors increasingly try to disguise the actual file extension to trick you into opening them. Avoid this by displaying files with their extensions at all times.
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What is Bitcoin and How does Bitcoin work?


Bitcoin is a form of digital currency, created and held electronically. No one controls it. Bitcoins aren’t printed, like dollars or euros – they’re produced by people, and increasingly businesses, running computers all around the world, using software that solves mathematical problems.

Bitcoin is a type of digital asset, most commonly defined as a virtual, digital or crypto- currency.

Bitcoin was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto, who published the payment system in a whitepaper in 2008. Released as open-source software in 2009, the bitcoin system is peer-to-peer which means that transactions take place without the need for a third-party. These transactions or payments are then recorded in a public distributed ledger called the blockchain, which uses bitcoin as its unit of account.

The blockchain is the backbone of bitcoin, serving as a financial ledger without any trusted central authority - this means that it is decentralized and no single person or institution owns the currency.With every new transaction, recordings are added as 'blocks', which each block added in a linear, chronological order. Described in simple traditional banking terms - the blockchain is the full history of banking transactions, while the blocks are like individual bank statements. Bitcoins do not physically exist, instead there are only these records of transactions and balances.

The unit of currency in the bitcoin system is, simply, bitcoin. There are three symbols used to express bitcoin - BTC, XBT and ?. Bitcoins can be split down into alternative units such as millibitcoin (mBTC), microbitcoin (µBTC) and satoshi. Satoshi, named in honour of the bitcoin founder, is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin - the smallest amount possible.

You can acquire bitcoins as payment for a service or goods or through purchase at bitcoin exchanges.

Bitcoins, however, can be created by anyone - all you have to do is help process payments into the distributed ledger. By offering your own compute power to verify and record payments, bitcoins are created as a reward or payment for your services. This activity is widely known as bitcoin mining.

Bitcoin is an anonymous digital currency.Bitcoin is not real money. It's an online "currency"—virtual tokens that can be exchanged for goods and services at places that accept it, the same way you'd give someone a dollar for a cookie. But unlike a dollar, a Bitcoin has no serial number or any possible mechanism that could be used to trace it back to a buyer or seller. This makes it attractive to drug dealers and/or privacy advocates.

itcoin is a digital currency (also called crypto-currency) that is not backed by any country's central bank or government. Bitcoins can be traded for goods or services with vendors who accept Bitcoins as payment.

Bitcoin-to-Bitcoin transactions are made by digitally exchanging anonymous, heavily encrypted hash codes across a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. The P2P network monitors and verifies the transfer of Bitcoins 

The basics for a new user
As a new user, you can get started with Bitcoin without understanding the technical details. Once you have installed a Bitcoin wallet on your computer or mobile phone, it will generate your first Bitcoin address and you can create more whenever you need one. You can disclose your addresses to your friends so that they can pay you or vice versa. In fact, this is pretty similar to how email works, except that Bitcoin addresses should only be used once.

Balances - block chain
The block chain is a shared public ledger on which the entire Bitcoin network relies. All confirmed transactions are included in the block chain. This way, Bitcoin wallets can calculate their spendable balance and new transactions can be verified to be spending bitcoins that are actually owned by the spender. The integrity and the chronological order of the block chain are enforced with cryptography.

Transactions - private keys
A transaction is a transfer of value between Bitcoin wallets that gets included in the block chain. Bitcoin wallets keep a secret piece of data called a private key or seed, which is used to sign transactions, providing a mathematical proof that they have come from the owner of the wallet. The signature also prevents the transaction from being altered by anybody once it has been issued. All transactions are broadcast between users and usually begin to be confirmed by the network in the following 10 minutes, through a process called mining.

Processing - mining
Mining is a distributed consensus system that is used to confirm waiting transactions by including them in the block chain. It enforces a chronological order in the block chain, protects the neutrality of the network, and allows different computers to agree on the state of the system. To be confirmed, transactions must be packed in a block that fits very strict cryptographic rules that will be verified by the network. These rules prevent previous blocks from being modified because doing so would invalidate all following blocks. Mining also creates the equivalent of a competitive lottery that prevents any individual from easily adding new blocks consecutively in the block chain. This way, no individuals can control what is included in the block chain or replace parts of the block chain to roll back their own spends.

Going down the rabbit hole
This is only a very short and concise summary of the system. If you want to get into the details, you can read the original paper that describes the system's design, read the developer documentation, and explore the Bitcoin wiki.
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